Meaning of Educational Management

Educational Management

A. Meaning of Educational Management

Management is the process of planning, organising, directing, controlling and evaluating to accomplish predetermined objectives of an institution through coordinated use of human and material resources.It as an academic discipline refers to, substantive body of knowledge of concepts, theories, laws and applications in practice.

a.      Henry Fayol:- To manage is to ― forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control.

b.      Donald J Clough:- Management is the heart and science of decision making and leadership.

Education is the provision of a series of learning experiences to students in order to impart knowledge, values, attitudes and skills with the ultimate aim of making them productive members of society.

Educational Management is ,The process of planning, organising, directing and controlling the activities of an institution by utilising human and material resources so as to effectively and efficiently accomplish functions of teaching, extension work and research.‖

B. Nature of Management

a.       Universal process: Wherever there is human activity, there is management. Without efficient management, objectives of the company can not be achieved.

b.      Factor of production: Qualified and efficient managers are essential to utilisation of labour and capital.

c.       Goal oriented: The most important goal of all management activity is to accomplish the objectives of an enterprise. The goals should be realistic and attainable.

d.      Supreme in thought and action: Managers set realisable objectives and then mastermind action on all fronts to accomplish them. For this, they require full support form middle and lower levels of management.

e.       Group activity: All human and physical resources should be efficiently coordinated to attain maximum levels of combined productivity. Without coordination, no work would accomplish and there would be chaos and retention.

f.       Dynamic function: Management should be equipped to face the changes in business environment brought about by economic, social, political, technological or human factors. They must be adequate training so that can enable them to perform well even in critical situations.

g.      Social science: All individuals that a manager deals with, have different levels of sensitivity, understanding and dynamism.

h.      Important organ of society: Society influences managerial action and managerial actions influence society. Its managers responsibility that they should also contribute towards the society by organising charity functions, sports competition, donation to NGO’s etc.

i.        System of authority: Well-defined lines of command, delegation of suitable authority and responsibility at all levels of decision-making. This is necessary so that each individual should what is expected from him and to whom he need to report to.

C.    Scope Of Educational Management

1.      Scope is very wide and includes history and theories of management science, roles and responsibilities of educational manager as well as managerial skills

2.      Includes a study of educational planning at macro level, its goals principles, approaches and procedures and the micro level institutional planning and educational administration

3.      Helps in decision making and solving problems, Communication and managing information and Building effective teams

4.      Providing human equipment ie supervisor, teachers, non teaching staff, office workers and providing material equipment such as building, furniture, labs, library, museum etc

5.      Co-curricular planning, preparing timetable

6.      Motivating staff and students

7.      Conducting staff meetings and Managing conflicts and stress

8.      Developing healthy and conducive school climate

9.      Organisation of counselling and guidance

10.  Organisation of health and physical education, Organisation of exhibitions and fairs

11.  Maintenance of school records, Evaluating students achievements

12.  Financing and budgeting

13.  Community service

D.    Objectives:

1.                  Organisational Objectives:

v  Ensuring maximum profit through minimum tryout.

v  Ensuring optimum investment of capital of an organisation.

v  Ensuring growth and development of the institution.

v  Enabling honour and goodwill of an institution.

v  Overall financial,human and geographical resources & its proper utilisation.

2.                  Personal Objectives:

v  Facilitation of maximum availability for institution and teachers.

v  Providing proper teaching-learning environment.

v  Development of inner potentiality of pupil and teacher’s thought.

3.             Social Objectives:

v  Ensuring quality education or service to be provided at right time and place.

v  The local and government authority should be paid their payment properly.

v  Ensuring the safety of natural environment & resources.ensuring the continuation of values.

E.                 Functions of Educational Management

Functions of educational management are those functions which are performed by managers. Managers are generally involved in the functions of : Planning, Organising, Directing, Staffing, Coordinating,Reporting & Budgeting(PODSCORB).

The strengths of "POSDCORB" lies in the fact that it can be the starting point to analyse the management functions in a structured way. The structure also helps to analyse the management activities.

P-Planning

O-Organising

D-Directing

S-Staffing

C-Coordinating

R-Reporting

B-Budgeting

A.    Planning:

v  It includes forecasting, formation of objectives, policies, programmes, producer and budget.

v  It is a function of determining the methods or path of obtaining there objectives.

v   It determines in advance what should be done, why should be done, when, where, how should be done.

v   This is done not only for organisation as a whole but also for every division, section and department. Planning is thinking before doing.

B.     Organising:

v  It includes departmentalisation, delegation of authority, fixing of responsibility and establishment of relationship.

v  It is a function of providing every thing useful to the business organisation.

v  There are certain resources which are mobilise i.e. man, machine, material, money, but still there are certain limitations on these resources.

v  This structure, results from identification and grouping work, delegation of authority and responsibility and establishing relationship.

C.    Directing:

v  Directing is a continuous task of making decisions and embodying them in specific and general orders and instructions and serving as the leader of the enterprise.

v  Directing includes Communicating, Leading and Motivating.

v  It also includes decision making, supervising, guidance etc.

v  It reflects providing dynamic leadership.

v   When the manager performs these functions, he issues orders and instructions to supervisors. It also implies the creation of a favourable work, environment motivation, managing managers, managing workers and managing work environment.

D.    Staffing:

v  Main objective of Staffing is to manage various job profiles created by organizing. Staffing helps to find the gap between available and required manpower.

v  It includes man power planning, recruitment, selection, placement and training.

v   People are basically responsible for the progress of the organization.

v   Right man should be employed for right job. It also involved training of personnel and proper remuneration.

E.     Coordinating:

v  This basically refers to orchestrating and interlinking the various components of the work.

v  It is the synchronization and integration of activities, responsibilities, and command control and structures to ensure that the resources of an organization are used most efficiently in pursuit of the specified objectives.

F.      Reporting:

v  Reporting involves regularly updating the superior about the progress or the work related activities. The information dissemination can be through records or inspection.

v  It is a brief guide to enterprise reporting.

v  It deals with the level of comfort in sharing the data by which a transparency can be maintained within each level of staff.

v  It also helps in taking the rapid decision right.

G.    Budgeting:

v  Budgeting involves all the activities that under Auditing, Accounting, Fiscal Planning and Control.

v  It is the process of creating a plan to spend your money. Creating this spending plan allows you to determine in advance whether you will have enough money to do the things you need to do or would like to do.

v  Any management can be considered as successful if the defined scope of work is achieved in right time and in right budget.