Forms Of Educational Administration

Forms Of Educational Administration

Respojnsibility,governance and control over education can be exercised by the government in these ways:

a.       Centralization

b.      De-centralization

c.       Devision of authority

a.      Centralization: aims at bringing about –

Ø  Cultural integration and solidariuty as well as national unity.

Ø  Uniformity in practices,norms asnd policies abd enhancing efficiency

Ø  e.g. French Education.(French Education is characterized by centralizationuniformity,standardizatioj and hierarchical structure.

b.      De-centralization:.

Ø  Prevalence of no national system but only state system of education.E.g. U.S.A. educational administration.Canada has neither a natuional ministry nor a centralized office of educationm.

c.       Devision of authority:

Ø  Though there is a dep[artment of education/ministry of education at the centre but but no ‘stste control’ over education.

Ø  A policy of ‘devided responsibility’ being shaped by the central department,local bodies,teacherts andf voluntary agencies.

Ø  Central department does not exert any dominance but provides leadership and direction.E.g. U.K. educatuional administration.

Indian Educational Administration:

v  Educational administration in India is three-tier process –central,state and district.

v  Educational administration is a shared responsibility of the central and state governments.

Secondary Education:

Ø  secondary educationis for all practical purposes under the control of the stater governments.

Ø  The centarl government formulates general policies and guidelines applicable all over the country uniformly.

Higher Education:

Ø  In higher education the state governments by and large ,required to follow UGC guidelines and operate through univertsities though they hold the major responsibility of administration and financing of higher education.

Involvement of local administration:

Ø  In some states local government bodies such as Panchayat Samitties,Mnunicipal Corporations etc. are also invlvedf with a view to making the system of administrationb sensitive to local conditions,problems and demands.

In brief:

Ø  School education is predominating a local and state government’s responsibility whereas higher education is a state and central government’s responsibility.

Ø  The state and central governments & the local bodies formulates the educational policiesand legislation but their implementation is done at the institutional level.

Levels of Educational administration

a.       At the central level

b.      At the state level

c.       At the local level

d.      At the private level

e.       At the organisational/institutional level

Central Level:

The constitution assigns different areas of responsibilty for the central government:

Ø  Providing free and compulsory education upto the age of 14.(Art. 45)

Ø  Development of Hindi.

Ø  Promoting educational nterests of weaker sections.(Art. 40)

Ø  Giving Grant-in-aid to states.

Ø  Education in the union territories.

Ø  Educational lanning as a part of Socio-economic planning.

Administration procedure at Central Level

v  Carried out through the department of education and it’s agencies.(part of the Ministry of Human Resource Development)

v  MHRD headed by a cabinet minister of the Unoin government and a minister of state-->is placed directly in charge of the education portfolio.

v  MHRD-->Department of education-->a number of devisions/units-->dels varipous aspects of educational development and policy making.

v  Department of educatuion-->secreteriat-->headed by a secretary(helped by special secreteries and educational advisors at different levels) in dealing with academic and policy matters concerninbg education.

v  The central government(through an act of Parliament)-cretes certain national nd regionl institutions.

v  Department of education initiates ,implements and monitors different educational programmes.

v  Educatuional planning in our country is a combined endeavour of the centyral and state governments.

Function of the Central Government in Education in India

v  Formulation of a national policy.

v  Collecting,processing and disseminating educational information throughout thye nation.

v  Advising,coordinating and balancing educational activities of the centre and stste/UT governments.

v  Developing and maintaining internatuional contacts.

v  Providing financial assistance.

v  Responsibility concerning education in the union territories.

v  Maintenance of central universities,institutions and agencies of education.

v  Enrichment of Hindi.

v  Promotion of national culture.

v  Supporting and coordinating educational and scientific research.

v  Provision of scholarships and advanced professional vocational training.

v  Special responsibility for education of weaker sections.

v  Provision of free and compulsory education upto the age of 14.

v  Any other matter relating to the education of the states.